For optimizing the operational efficiency of a wind farm in complex terrain, the wake study of wind turbines and the detailed analysis of the wind data are essential. In this research, Manjil wind farm located in Alborz Mountains with special topography and distinct wind regime had been studied. OpenFOAM has been applied for Computational fluid dynamics simulations of two wind speeds in different reference heights as case studies. Then, a comparison between the simulation results and available Supervisory control and data acquisition dataset has been done. The result pretended that velocity of the wake is recovered up to 85% after ten times the diameter of the turbine. In this distance, there is a 14.5% and 15.5% speed reduction on average for two simulations, with velocity on the hub height of 9 and 17 m/s respectively. The analysis of raw wind data shows that a high potential of wind energy is available in summer and there is almost no wind in wintertime, which causes some challenges for developing the wind farms under these conditions.

Researchers are interested in wind resource assessment studies for mountainous terrains using numerical weather prediction methods. In present study the wind over Martigny located in Switzerland has been simulated using weather research and forecasting model. Due to high resolution of the simulation (100 m), large eddy simulation is employed to perform turbulence modeling. The objective of this study is to assess the credibility of model in wind simulation and to examine the effect resolution and two different sub-grid scale turbulence models. The results reveal that model is able to properly generate the wind in comparison with the data obtained from wind measurement stations. The results also show a promising simulation for the region, located within a wide and flat valley. However, the discrepancies between the results and those obtained from the wind station are bold for regions at mountainous peaks. At the time at which the maximum wind speed occurs, it is found that the wind error decreases from 22m/s to 17m/s by changing the sub-grid scale model from Smagronisnky3D to turbulence kinetic energy 1.5 model. Also, the predicted wind speed declines from 17m/s to 7m/s by reducing the vertical size of the grid cells.

Background: The referral system aims to improve the efficiency and quality of healthcare services. It is based on two core components: health management and service stratification by general practitioners (GPs) and returning to the primary level for continued care under GPs’ supervision. In societies where patients often bypass primary care and directly visit specialists, implementing such a system requires changes in health-seeking behavior and greater trust in GPs as its foundation. This study aimed to assess the public’s acceptance of these two core components and examine their relationship with trust in GPs, using data from a national survey. Methods: The study was conducted in July 2024 using an online national panel. Data were collected from 1,504 respondents through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. Acceptance of the referral system was measured with two items, and trust in GPs was assessed through five targeted items. Results: About two-thirds of participants disagreed with GP-led health management and service stratification, and nearly half did not support returning to primary care for continued treatment. Overall, only 38.6% of respondents accepted both components of the referral system, while the rest rejected one or both. Significant associations were found between all trust dimensions and acceptance of the referral system. Conclusion: Public acceptance remains a challenge in implementing the referral system. Enhancing trust in GPs plays a vital role in improving acceptance. Therefore, policies that promote public engagement and build trust may support the system’s successful implementation.

Introduction: Carney Complex is an autosomal dominant syndrome that is defined with different tumors including myxoma in different organs, endocrine tumors and lentiginosis lesions. This is the first case report of this syndrome from Iran.Case: The patient is a 27 year old girl, referred with flank pain. Physical examination revealed hirsutism, truncal obesity, hyperpigmantasion and hypertension; Cushing's syndrome was suggested and confirmed with related classic biochemical tests. She had history of cardiac myxoma during her childhood and had been operated twice.Pituitary microadenoma and right adrenal adenoma were reported on MRI and CT-scan, respectively. Initially laparascopic right adrenalectomy was done; as expected, no remission in signs of Cushing's syndrome was observed after surgery. By laparoscopic adrenalectomy of the other site, Cushing's syndrome resolved. Pathologic report of 1st operation was adrenal adenoma with surrounding pigmented micronodular hyperplasia and of the 2nd one was just pigmented micronodular hyperplasia.Conclusion: We have reported a patient with Carney syndrome along with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and an adenoma in contralateral adrenal and microadenoma of the pituitary as an incidentaloma. This is a new presentation of Carney syndrome.

Terrain simplification problem is one of fundamental problems in computational geometry and it has many applications in other fields such as geometric information systems, computer graphics, image processing. Terrain is commonly defined by a set of n points in three dimension space. Major goal of terrain simplification problem is removing some points of one terrain so that maximum error of simplified surface is a certain threshold. There are two optimization goals for this problem: (1) min-k, where for a given error threshold e, the goal is to find a simplification with the minimum number of points for which the error is that most e, and (2) min-e, where for a given number n, the goal is to find a simplification of at most m points that has the minimum simplification error. Simplification problem is NP-hard in optimal case.In this paper we present a hybrid algorithm for terrain simplification that performs in three phases. First, terrain is divided to some clusters, then any cluster is simplified independently and finally, the simplified clusters are merged. Our algorithm solves the problem in O (n2Ön). The proposed algorithm is implemented and verified by experiments.

Advances in 3D data-acquisition hardware have facilitated the more widespread use of scanning to document the geometry of physical objects for archival purposes or as a step in new product design. A typical 3D data acquisition pipeline consists of the following steps:canning: Acquisition of surface samples with a measurement device, such as a laser range scanner or a stereographic system.Data registration: Alignment of several scans into a single coordinate system.Data integration: Interpolation of the measured samples, or points derived from the measured samples, with a surface representation, usually a triangle mesh.Model conversion: Mesh decimation/optimization, fitting with higher-order representations etc.This paper focuses on the data integration phase. We present a method for finding a triangle mesh that interpolates an unorganized set of points. The method is α-shapes. An α-shape is a polytope that is neither necessarily convex nor connected and can be derived from the Delaunay triangulation of the point set, with a parameter controlling the desired level of detail. The set of all values leads to a discrete family of shapes capturing the intuitive notion of "crude" versus "fine'' shapes of a point set.The main application of α -shapes is the reconstruction of objects which have been sampled by points. For instance, a 3D-scanner provides points on the surface of a humanbeing or so.In this paper we used the α-shapes for reconstruction of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM). Delaunay interpolation method is usually used as an approach for reconstruction a DTM. This algorithm has some limitations in expression of complex objects for example break lines in DTM. Therfore α-shapes can be improved the limitations and fill the gapes derived from delaunay interpolation.

This study describes the verification of Wind Atlas Analysis and Application program (WAsP) modelled average wind speeds in a complex terrain. WAsP model was run using data collected at 3 masts: Kalkumpei, Nyiru and Sirima using cup anemometers and wind vanes for the entire 2009 calendar year and verified using data collected by WindTracer LIDAR (light detection and ranging) for 2 weeks from 11th to 24th July 2009. Evaluating WAsP mean wind speed map using LIDAR data showed that Nyiru station provides the best data to model mean wind speed over the wind farm domain with a mean difference of 0.16 m/s, root mean square error of 0.85 m/s and Index of Agreement of 0.61. Construction of a 310 MW windfarm has commenced at this site. Once completed, the windfarm will be operating 365 vestas V52-850kW turbines.

Topography is the most important parameter which produces minimum temperatures in complex terrain. Radiative inversion occurs in the mountains and produces radiative freezing. When the land surface is cooled, a boundary layer forms. Since cold air is heavier than warm air, therefore, it flows toward the down slope, which is named Katabolic flow. When Katabolic flows are formed, cold air accumulates in the valleys and thereafter in places which do not have a good drainage of air. Based on thermodynamic equations a model was developed to consider the accumulation of cold air in each point of a complex terrain. Minimum temperature prediction model (MTPM) was developed and used to predict the minimum temperature in complex terrains. This thermodynamic model uses digital elevation model to produce minimum temperature maps. Running MTPM for North Mountains of Tehran showed a good correlation between modeled and actual minimum temperatures.